In keeping with a current social media put up by Etherscan, the Ethereum community processed a record-breaking 1.91 million transactions on Layer 1 (L1) in a single day. On the similar time, the charges are extremely low at $0.16.
📊 Ethereum L1 recorded its highest day by day transaction rely in 2025
Yesterday, Ethereum processed 1,913,481 transactions with a median transaction charge of $0.16
Ethereum is scaling ⧫ pic.twitter.com/AL9T5b8RHj
— etherscan.eth (@etherscan) December 24, 2025
This exhibits that the community can now deal with huge site visitors with out pricing out regular customers.
Main progress
This mix of excessive throughput and low prices is the direct results of two main community upgrades executed in 2025: Pectra and Fusaka.
Fusaka, which went dwell earlier within the month, is essentially the most quick explanation for the report was the improve. This improve straight expanded the capability of the Ethereum L1 blockchain.
The improve has managed to extend the scale of every block by roughly 33%. This allowed the L1 community to suit considerably extra transactions into each block.
Beforehand, all nodes needed to obtain all knowledge, which created a bottleneck. PeerDAS, a brand new characteristic launched in Fusaka, has made it attainable for nodes to confirm knowledge “blobs”, massive chunks of transaction knowledge, by sampling simply tiny components of them. Blobs, which have been launched in an earlier replace known as Dencun however expanded right here, are like sidecars hooked up to the principle block. They carry knowledge cheaply and do not compete with normal transactions.
The Pectra improve, which happened in Could, laid the groundwork for scaling by optimizing how Layer 2 networks of the likes of Arbitrum, Optimism, and Base work together with the principle chain.
Pectra doubled the variety of these “sidecars” from 3 to six per block. As a result of there was out of the blue double the provision of area for Layer 2 knowledge, the fee for L2s to “settle” on Ethereum dropped. This saved the general community uncongested.
Extra scaling challenges
Ethereum scaling continues to be not “completed” regardless of the huge success of the 2025 upgrades.
The Ethereum ecosystem continues to be fractured. Customers have a tendency to seek out it difficult to make use of L2 funds with out difficult bridges. Therefore, the fragmentation stays a serious difficulty.
The database of all accounts, balances, and sensible contracts (the “State”) grows bigger and bigger. Ultimately, the State turns into terabytes or petabytes in measurement. If it will get too huge, a standard individual cannot purchase a tough drive large enough to run a node.
